Spioces & Plantation crops V Cardomom, VI Betelvine, VII Coriander

V CARDAMOM

1. Shoot/panicle/capsule borer Conogethes punctiferalis :Pyraustidae: Lepidoptera.

• Oozing out of frass materials at the mouth of the bore hole.
• “Dead heart” 

2. Cardamom thrips: Sciothrips cardomomi : Thripidae:Thysanoptera.

• Capsules appear stunted, malformed and shrivelled with gaping slots on the skin.  The condition is popularly known as “CARDAMOM ITCH”. 

• It cause loss upto 80-90%. 

Laceration on Capsules

3. Cardamom whitefly: Kanagarajiella cardomomi:Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera.

4. Cardomom aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa:Aphididae :Hemiptera.

•       It is a vector of “Katte” or marble mosaic disease in small cardamom.

VI BETELVINE  

1.Leaf eating caterpillar Spodoptera litura:Noctuidae :Lepidoptera.

2.Non-Insect pest- Giant African snail Achatina fulica.

• Eggs are laid in rainy season in the soil surface or just below.  EP: 7 days. Young ones take about nine months to mature Adult can live up to 3 or 4 years.
• They  feed on sprouted buds, leaves, outer layers of the stem of betelvine and supporting trees.

VII CORIANDER

1. Cotton Whitefly: Bemisia tabaci : Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera.

2. Aphid: Hyadaphis coriandri : Aphididae:Hemiptera.

3. Indigo caterpillar: Spodoptera exigua:Noctuidae:Lepidoptera